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PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRITION (RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL)

Recuerda

Las plantas tienen:

Raíces que la anclan al suelo. Con ellas absorben agua y minerales del suelo.

Un tallo que la sostiene y a través del que transporta el agua y otras sustancias desde las raíces a las hojas.

Leaves are the organs of the plant that perform photosynthesis.

¿Qué necesitan las plantas?

Las plantas son seres vivos, así que, como tal, necesitan alimento que les de nutrients y energía.

A diferencia de los animales, las plantas elaboran su propio alimento. Para ello necesitan luz, agua, aire y sales minerales.

Luz es esencial para el crecimiento de las plantas. Todas las plantas la necesitan para hacer su alimento.

Tampoco pueden vivir sin agua, también necesaria para fabricar su alimento.

Cada planta necesita una cantidad mayor o menor de agua y luz que otras.

Aire. Las plantas toman dióxido de carbono para fabricar su alimento y expulsan oxígeno al aire.

Sales Minerales. Normalmente están disueltas en el agua. Las tierras fértiles y húmedas son ricas en sales minerales. Las tierras pobres son secas y tienen menos sales minerales.

La temperatura es importante también.

La nutrición de las plantas

Las plantas toman sustancias del suelo (agua y sales minerales) y del aire (dióxido de carbono).

Las plantas fabrican su propio alimento: la savia bruta se combina con el dióxido de carbono y se transforma en savia elaborada a través de la fotosíntesis.

Los nutrientes son transportados a través de unos tubos llamados vasos leñosos.

La respiración de las plantas: Las plantas toman oxígeno y expulsan dióxido de carbono por la noche. A través de la fotosíntesis toman dióxido de carbono y expulsan oxígeno. Las plantas combinan el oxígeno con los nutrientes para producir energía y crecer.

PLANTS GROWTH AND NUTRITION (UNIT 4)

UNIT 4: PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRITION

Remember

Plants have:

Roots anchor plants to the ground. They absorb water and minerals from the soil.

A stem holds up the plant and transport water and other substances from the roots to the leaves.

Leaves are the organs of the plant that perform photosynthesis.

What do plants need?

Plants are living things, so they need food to get nutrients and energy.

Unlike animals, plants make their own food. In order to do this, plants need light, water, air and mineral salts.

Light is essential for plants to grow. All plants need it to make their food.

Plants cannot live without water, they need it to make their food too.

Each kind of plant need more or less water or light than others.

Air. Plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food and throw out oxygen.

Mineral salts. They are usually dissolved in water. Fertile soil is humid and rich in mineral salts. Poor soil is dry and has less mineral salts.

Temperature is important too.

Plant nutrition

Plants take in substances from the soil (water and mineral salts) and from air (carbon dioxide).

Plants make their own food: raw sap combines with carbon dioxide and transforms into elaborated sap through photosynthesis.

Nutrients are transported through tubes called phloem vessels.

Plants respiration: Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide day and night. Through photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the day. Plants combine oxygen with nutrients to produce energy for growth.

DIFERENTES USOS DE MAKE AND DO

HOW TO DESCRIBE PEOPLE IN ENGLISH

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Do you know how plants make their own food? No??

This video elaborates the process of Photosynthesis, by which plants make their own food.

Photosynthesis is the process used by the plants to make their food. In simpler terms, conversion of light energy into chemical energy by plants is called photosynthesis. This chemical energy is used by the plants for growth and nourishment. Photo means light and synthesis means putting together.

Humans need some essential things like fire, water, vegetables etc to cook food.
Similarly, to make their own food, plants also need some essential factors like Light, water, nutrients, soil etc

Plants get light from the sun, water from the ground and carbon dioxide from air. All these factors including air, water, carbondioxide and sunlight together help plants churn out their own food.

Plants have tubes called Xylem located in the stem through which the water from the ground is sucked into the leaves. This system works similar to the humans sucking in liquids through a straw. The Xylem is spread throughout the different parts of plant including stem, branches, all the way upto their leaves, and transports vital nutrients to the entire plant. Xylems in plants are like blood vessels in the human body that act as an important means of transport for water and nutrients.

Leaves on the plants have pores, very similar to pores on the skin of our body. These pores are called stomata. These stomata are responsible for the exchange of gases. The carbon dioxide present in the air, which is responsible for photosynthesis, enters the plant through these stomata. Oxygen also comes out from the same stomata.

Leaf has important cells called Mesophyll cells. These cells contain a green color component called chloroplast. This chloroplast is responsible for the green color of plants and leaves.

Once the carbon dioxide and water reach the chloroplasts, in the presence of sunlight, the process of photosynthesis starts to take place. The following reaction takes places in the leaves of the plant during photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide + water + [in the presence of light energy] → Oxygen + glucose (or Carbohydrates)

The products formed are glucose and oxygen. Carbohydrates, which are a form of glucose, are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.
Glucose is used by the plants for the growth. Some of the glucose is used immediately and the extra glucose which is not used is stored in the form of starch, in the leaves. Some amount of glucose is also stored in the roots of the plants. The extra glucose is used to perform photosynthesis when there is no sunlight.

Oxygen is given out into the air through the stomata in the process of photosynthesis. The oxygen that is released is used by human beings to breathe in during their respiration process.

Ever wondered why this process is called photosynthesis? The word photosynthesis is a combination of two words: Photo and Synthesis. Photo means light in Greek and Synthesis means putting together or combining. Hence, photosynthesis literally means combining water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light.

So, the essential factors for photosynthesis to take place include:

• Sunlight

• Water

• Carbon dioxide

Underwater photosynthesis takes place at a slower pace than the normal photosynthesis. This is because energy from the sun is absorbed by the water layers and only some amount of the energy reaches the plant.

There are some plants which don't need the process of photosynthesis to grow. Such plants include Mushroom, Venus flytrap etc. Mushroom gets the food from the ground and its surrounding areas. Venus flytrap traps and catches small insects which come near the leaves and eat them.

SENSITIVITY (resumen en español)

Estímulo es cualquier información que recibimos de dentro o fuera de nuestro cuerpo.

Los estímulos los detectamos a través de los órganos receptores. Estos son: ojos, oídos, células epiteliales en la nariz, las papilas gustativas en la lengua y la piel.

¿Cómo nos relacionamos?

1^º: Recibimos información a través de los sentidos.

2^º: El sistema nervioso lleva la información desde los órganos de los sentidos hasta el cerebro. El cerebro interpreta la información y elabora una respuesta, que es llevada de vuelta por el sistema nervioso hasta los músculos.

3^º: Los músculos reciben las órdenes y las ejecutan junto con los huesos (sistema locomotor completo) y hacen que nuestro cuerpo se mueva.

Los órganos de los sentidos captan la información de nuestro entorno y la envían al cerebro a través de los nervios.

Los ojos son los órganos de la vista. Captan la luz y por eso podemos ver las formas y colores de los objetos.

Los oídos son los órganos del oído. Detectan los sonidos, sus propiedades y su procedencia.

La piel es el órgano del tacto. A través de ella sentimos el dolor, la temperatura…

La lengua es el órgano del sabor. A través de ella detectamos los sabores.

La nariz es el órgano del olfato. Detecta los diferentes olores en el aire que respiramos.

El sistema nervioso consta de dos partes: el sistema nervioso central y el sistema nervioso periférico. Lo forma un solo tipo de tejido, el tejido nervioso. Y las células que forman este tejido nervioso son las neuronas. Las neuronas constan de tres partes: cuerpo (que es la parte más grande), dendritas (que reciben información de los órganos de los sentidos y de otras neuronas) y axón (que transmite la información a otras neuronas).

El sistema nervioso central tiene dos partes: el cerebro y la médula espinal.

El cerebro, protegido por el cráneo, consta de tres partes: el cerebro (que controla los actos voluntarios, como estudiar o hablar, almacenar información y controlar las emociones); el cerebelo (que controla el equilibrio y los movimientos voluntarios) y el tronco encefálico (que controla los órganos internos, como la respiración y la digestión).

SENSITIVITY (resumen del tema)

Stimulus is any information generated either outside or inside our bodies.

Stimuli are detected by organs called receptors. These are the sense organs: eyes, ears, olfactory epithelium in the nose, taste buds in the tongue and skin.

How does sensitivity works?

1^st: Sense organs capture information from the environment.

2^nd: The nervous system carries information from the sense organs to the brain. The brain interprets the information and decides the response, and the nervous system carries the response from the brain to the muscles.

3^rd: Muscles receive orders and work with the bones (locomotor system) to make the body move.

The sense organs capture information from the environment and send it to the brain through the nerves.

The eyes are the sense organs of sight. They detect light so we can see shapes and colours.

The ears are the sense organs of hearing. They detect sounds and their properties, and where the sounds come from.

The skin is the sense organ of touch. It detects pain, temperature,…

The tongue is the sense organ of taste. It detects different flavours.

The nose is the sense organ of smell. It detects different smell in the air we breathe.

The nervous system carries out the function of sensitivity. It receives and interprets information from external and internal environment, it gives the order to the body to respond to stimuli, and controls and coordinate all organs and systems.

The nervous system is made up of two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. It is formed by only one type of tissue, nervous tissue.

Nervous system is made of neurons. Neurons have three parts: body (the widest part), dendrites (receive messages from the sense organs or other neurons) and axon (transmits messages to other neurons).

The central nervous system has two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.

The brain, protected by the cranium, has three parts: the cerebrum (controls voluntary actions, like studying or talking; store data and controls emotions) the cerebellum (controls voluntary movement and balance) and brainstem (controls internal organs activities, like breathing or digesting food).